第一篇：建筑风水论文
古建筑风水与园林城市建设
陈克凡（班级：2010级建筑二班学号：***）
摘要：风水强调平衡、和谐、宁静，追求人与自然环境的和谐统一。这或许是中华文明得以延续的重要原因。根据风水中的龙、沙、水、洞、方位等自然元素的条件。到了中世纪，山水城市的思想框架逐渐形成，依托山水，因地制宜，利用自然景观，与城市人工环境有机结合。比如南京古城，就是凭借龙虎之威，超越山河。家家户户都前后临水，从四个窗台就能看到山。苏州古城。从现代城市建设的角度来看，还需要考虑整个地区的自然地理条件和生态系统。
这些具有不同特征的环境因素结合起来，创造了有机的生态环境。这座充满生态意象、充满生机的城市或村庄，是古建筑风格一直追求的风水宝地。
关键词：建筑、风水、和谐统一、环境选择、山水城市
一、中国古代建筑风水的基本思想
中华文明源远流长，源远流长，与自然和谐共处。这并非巧合。必须有规则可循。我们不难想到中国古代建筑风水。风水讲究平衡、和谐、宁静，追求人与自然环境的和谐统一。这或许是中华文明得以延续的重要原因。
1）风水的形成是由河图、洛书演变而来。追根溯源，与《周易》的卦象密不可分。在古代史前时期，中国黄河流域遭受洪水、气候条件以及疾病或灾害等自然威胁。人类与自然的对抗太小、太脆弱。随着时间的推移和长年累月对宇宙自然环境的探索、认识和经验的积累，我们的祖先开始用自己的智慧选择自然地理环境和探索地点。研究它的学者都知道，《周易》在漫长而复杂的发展演变中经历了连山、归藏、周易的历史。 《连山》以岭卦作为六十四卦的第一卦和起点，体现了当时人类对天地的认识是以山为世界主体的。洪水发生，地球下沉，人们选择在那里居住。
他们住在山洞等地势较高的地方，以避免洪水和狂风大雨。 2）所谓风水的核心是探索建筑物的位置、朝向、布局与自然之道与人类生活之间的和谐关系。它将天人合一等中国古代哲学命题引入到建筑中。它的重点不仅在于人类对环境的反应，还在于如何根据这些反应来解决建筑选址甚至施工问题。这里，地点的选择、平面的布置、空间位置的选择，都遵循一定的规律和顺序，天的顺序、地的顺序、人体的顺序。这样，人们就能与居住地和整个自然环境合而为一，从而达到心理平衡。所谓天时、地利、人和才能赋予一座城市活力。这样，人们就能与居住地和整个自然环境合而为一，从而达到心理平衡。所谓天时、地利、人和才能赋予一座城市活力。
2、风水在古城建设中的应用
许多考古资料证明，人们的生存环境更为重要，这是中国本土文化的重要组成部分。六七千年前，中国的祖先对于生存环境的选择和认识已经达到了很高的水平。仰韶文化时期最明显的环境选择趋势是聚落选择。其主要表现在：靠近水源，不仅方便日常取水，对农业生产的发展也很有帮助；地理位置优越，交通十分便利；它地处河流阶地，不仅土壤非常肥沃，适合耕种，而且可以减少洪水的侵袭；如果是在山坡上，一般是在阳光充足的地方。上吉具有典型的风水格局。这里依山傍水，半坡遗址就在两河交汇处。现代村庄或城镇与这些村庄的重叠是有启发性的。例如，沿河南河某段，15个现代村落中，发现了11个新石器时代村落遗址。
（1）风水作为一门独立的学科，对于这种环境的选择也有自己的解释。风水思想要点可概括如下： 1）寻龙——中的龙一定是真龙
当地脉停止而上升时，龙就被称为龙。山是大地脉络的形状，是生命力的源泉。龙基本上控制着环境格局，是城市赖以生存的母体。因此，历来有龙为地之首的说法。
2) 检查沙子—— 沙子应该不错
周围山丘的沙子就是帐篷的代名词。对沙子的总体要求是沙丘层次协调、高地起伏、山丘优美。 3）观察水——拥抱水
在城市选址上，观水比寻龙更重要。分水的思想是先看山，后看水。有山无水，就不要找地。
4）——穴位非常重要
穴位是一种生存环境模型，由山水交汇、凝结而成。要用好的穴位来积风聚气。因此，在风水中，巢状的洞穴称为富洞，反拱形的洞穴称为贫洞。 5）东方——祈求好运
传统风水学认为，坐北朝南是吉祥的。
（二）逐步从风水中提炼出山水城市的建设思路
根据风水中的龙、沙、水、洞、方位等自然元素的条件，到了中世纪，逐渐
山水市的思想框架已经形成。它依山傍水，因地制宜，利用自然景观，与城市人工环境有机融合。主要概括为以下几点
1）依山傍水，坐北朝南，符合一人一生态模式。 2）土地肥沃，物产丰富，人类易于繁衍生息。 3）交通便利，四通八达，促进社会经济发展。
4）地势险要，易守难攻。 5）依山傍水，田园风光满足了居民的心理需求。
(3) 示例
Hakka people and has become an integral part of the Hakka culture. into parts. Because of its inheritance and persistence, this is the main reason why Feng Shui flourished in the Hakka area. The Hakka ancestors who migrated thousands of miles south from the Central Plains have a special liking for "Feng Shui Theory", and it has a deep historical root. "Feng Shui Theory" Among them, the ideological perfection of "advocating heaven and earth" is the first to be promoted. "Chongtian": There is a special incense altar in the residence, and during festivals, the first day and the fifteenth day of the new year, incense is burned and worshiped The Buddha is the most lewd: Helping incense to bring people's wishes to "destroy" and communicate with the ancestors of heaven, emptiness is the psychological factor of mass superstition. "Shangdi": "all over "Invest in the land uncle", bless the rice and grains, and have enough food and clothing to make dreams come true. In short, the first mourner of "Feng Shui Theory" is to help people choose reasonably Realize the good wishes of "pleasant Fengshui, harmonious symbiosis". People in the Hakka area in the old days believed in ghosts and gods and Feng Shui.Temples are generally built in urban and rural areas, and even temples in some places are bigger than schools. Many, there are princes, sand officials, Jingtou uncles, Shutou uncles, etc. everywhere in the village.There are more and more people who believe in Feng Shui, and every wedding and funeral For happy events, large and small buildings, Feng Shui master should be invited to survey the location and choose a good day and auspicious day, which has been prosperous since ancient times.People in the Hakka area often In order to find a good house site or tomb, he spared no effort to make long-term offerings to the geomaster and entertain him with delicious food and wine.This creates a suitable cultural atmosphere for the master to bluff and deceive. In such a cultural atmosphere, some Fengshui masters who do not understand the relationship between human survival and the ecological environment rely on reciting a few lines "earth land" "The Secret Formula" deceives people who sincerely hope to find a suitable place for self-cultivation and living, and seriously affects people's lives and spiritual world. With the overall formation of the Hakka ethnic group in the border areas of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi, Fengshui was very popular in the Hakka area during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The Hakka ancestors stayed away from the war in the Central Plains and came to a remote place with inconvenient transportation, sparsely populated areas, dense forests, rampant wild elephants, and crocodiles. Living in the mountainous areas of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi where ravages are raging, miasma infects people, and insects and snakes are infested.To survive and develop in such a harsh environment, in addition to enduring hardship, In addition to labor and the spirit of pioneering, one must also have some methods of adapting to the environment, among which settling down is a primary issue.But Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi The mountainous terrain is complex, full of streams and rivers, and often invaded by snakes and beasts. Choosing a good place to build a house and settle down is obviously much more complicated than in the plains of the Central Plains. Because the purpose of the Yangzhai theory in Feng Shui is to pursue the coordination and unity between the location and layout of the house building and the surrounding nature, so as to It ensures people's physical health and psychological peace. As the saying goes, "people stand because of their homes, and their homes survive because of their people. People and homes support each other and connect with the world." Feng shui at that time Many of the teachers are people with high cultural quality. They have culture and have mastered certain scientific knowledge, understand astronomy and geography, use compass, and are good at observing landforms and water quality.Therefore, Feng Shui played an important role in the settlement life of the Hakka ancestors and their subsequent struggle to develop mountainous areas. Positive guidance. Under the subconscious mind of seeking peace and blessing for future generations, the northern Feng Shui culture took root, sprouted and bore fruit in the Hakka New Area. This is also the inevitable result of the spread of Central Plains culture as the main body to the south. In Tongpa Village, Songkou, Rumei County, there is a well-known dragon-enclosed house called Shidetang. It is backed by Longshan Mountain and faces the Songyuan River. It is considered by the locals as the A rare feng shui land. "Shidetang" was built in the late Ming Dynasty and is a famous dragon house in Meizhou.Legend has it that Li Zhijian built this house At that time, a famous Feng Shui master from Jiangxi was specially invited to investigate. The Feng Shui of this house was called "Huilong Guzi". Over a period of more than three hundred years, Li Zhijian's descendants were numerous and talented. When we inspected "Shidetang", we found that the house is close to mountains and rivers, with convenient transportation, and the site selection and layout are in line with the requirements of the Yangzhai theory in Feng Shui.This house has a palace-like structure, with lighting, ventilation, landscaping and a modern environment. The theory of environmental aesthetics is consistent. This house also has rich historical and cultural resources. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, there was a peasant uprising, Qing troops entered the Pass, and Beijing was captured by Li Zicheng's rebel army. Li Zhijian's uncle, Li Erhe, fled from the capital to Songkou with the 16-year-old crown prince Zhu Ciliang, and lived in Shidetang. Li Zhijian's descendants live in the Songkou Basin, which is close to rivers and mountains and has developed water and land transportation.The Li family not only has a thousand acres of fertile land for "public tasting" "Fields" were used for rotational farming by descendants, and they also engaged in salt, porcelain, and timber businesses. In the old days, Songmen had developed water transportation and merchants gathered there, and there was a saying that "Songkou does not recognize the state" 说。 Songkou Port is the second largest inland river port in Guangdong Province.The Li family's merchant ships transported porcelain, bricks, wood, and local specialties from mountainous areas along the water. When it reaches the Chaoxian area, it carries salt and obscure products when going against the current.Because the descendants of the Li family have a secure life and pay attention to education, they Li Zhijian's descendants had many literati and many officials, and they became a prominent family in Songkou area. It can be explained from this example.Because the Li family has a good living environment, good location, and attaches great importance to education, the Li family The reason why the clan can last forever.In short, the original intention of "Feng Shui Theory" is to help people choose a house site rationally and achieve "pleasant Feng Shui and harmonious" The good wishes of "tuning and symbiosis". reference book: "Hakka Surrounding House" South China University of Technology Press "Hakka Tulou Dwellings" Fujian Education Press "Hakka" Guangdong People's Publishing House "Hakka" Chengdu Map Publishing House "Modern Architecture and Ancient Feng Shui" Donghua University Press "Chinese Hakka Architectural Culture" Hubei Education Press Wu Qingzhou